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Effect of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on cognitive development in children: a longitudinal study in Taiwan

Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan

Y. L. GUO

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan

N. W. GUO

Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

C. C. HSU

Department of Psychiatry, Tainan City Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

Correspondence: Dr Nai-Wen Guo, Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Declaration of interest None. Funding from the National Science Council, Taiwan (see Acknowledgements).

ABSTRACT

Background From 1978 to 1979, a group of people in Taiwan were exposed to high levels of heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) owing to accidental ingestion of contaminated rice oil. Children born to mothers following the exposure (‘Yucheng’ children) were known to have hyperpigmented skin and other dysmorphology after birth.

Aims To determine the effect of prenatal exposure to PCBs on cognitive development in Yucheng children.

Method One hundred and eighteen Yucheng children prenatally exposed to PCBs and degradation products, and community-matched control children who were exposed to background levels only, were followed from 1985 to 1998. The Bayley Scale for Infant Development, Chinese version of the Stanford — Binet IQ Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Raven's Standardised Progressive Matrices were used to assess the cognitive development of these children.

Results The Yucheng children scored lower than control children on each of these methods of measurement between the ages of 2 and 12 years.

Conclusions Prenatal exposure to PCBs and their derivatives has long-term adverse effects on cognitive development in humans.

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