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Some Aspects of the "Moral Treatment" of the Insane up to 1854^*

Cane Hill Hospital, Royal Medico-Psychological Association Coulsdon, Surrey

^* Read at a meeting of the Section of Psychiatry of the Royal Society of Medicine, 9 February, 1954.

ABSTRACT

1. A plea is made for a reassessment of psychiatric tendencies and teachings in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
   
2. English authors have been unjustifiably neglected as sources of information on the history of the period.
   
3. A study of these authors' teachings on the "management" or "moral treatment" of the insane shows that progressive views were more widespread than is generally recognized.
   
4. Attention is specially drawn to the influence of Haslam's writings on the practice of Pinel and of The Retreat; to the pioneer work of Thomas Arnold; and to Burrows' and Knight's. individual work with schizophrenics.
   
5. The reforms introduced by Pinel and at The Retreat are re-examined, and some current misconceptions of their nature and scope are pointed out.
   
6. The later work of Ellis, Browne and Conolly is briefly discussed.
   
7. An original view is presented of English psychiatry at the height of the "no-restraint" controversy as seen through the eyes of a foreign visitor, Crommelinck of Bruges.